Plagiarism is an unethical act that involves using someone else's prior ideas, processes, results, or words without proper acknowledgement of the original author and source. Self-plagiarism occurs when an author utilizes a significant portion of their own previously published work without appropriate references. This includes publishing the same manuscript in multiple journals or modifying a previously published manuscript with new data.

There are three types of plagiarism that are not allowed:

• Full Plagiarism: Presenting previously published content without any changes to the text, idea, or grammar.
• Partial Plagiarism: Creating a mixture of content from multiple sources, where the author has extensively rephrased text.
• Self-Plagiarism: Reusing complete or portions of pre-published research, including republishing previously published work in a new journal.

Authors submitting articles to the journal are expected to ensure that they have written entirely original works. If the authors have used the work or words of others, appropriate citations or quotes must be included. In general, authors should not publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable. Authors should always give proper acknowledgement to the work of others and cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.

The editor will run a plagiarism check using Turnitin for all submitted articles before sending them to reviewers. We do not process any plagiarized content, and articles found to have over 20% plagiarism based on the results of the check will be rejected. The journal uses Mendeley or Endnote as a reference management tool.

Adherence to this plagiarism policy is essential to maintaining the integrity and quality of the journal, and authors are urged to follow these guidelines carefully to ensure their work is properly attributed and recognized for its original contributions.